Early Human Development
Volume 84, Issue 6 , Pages 409-416 , June 2008

The association of growth impairment with neurodevelopmental outcome at eight years of age in very preterm children

  • Erick Kan

      Affiliations

    • Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at The University of Melbourne, Australia
    • Premature Infant Follow-up Programme at the Royal Women's Hospital, Australia
    • ,
  • Gehan Roberts

      Affiliations

    • Department of Paediatrics at The University of Melbourne, Australia
    • Premature Infant Follow-up Programme at the Royal Women's Hospital, Australia
    • Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Australia
    • ,
  • Peter J. Anderson

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychology at The University of Melbourne, Australia
    • Premature Infant Follow-up Programme at the Royal Women's Hospital, Australia
    • Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Australia
    • ,
  • Lex W. Doyle

      Affiliations

    • Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at The University of Melbourne, Australia
    • Department of Paediatrics at The University of Melbourne, Australia
    • Premature Infant Follow-up Programme at the Royal Women's Hospital, Australia
    • Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Australia
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Royal Women's Hospital, 132 Grattan St, Carlton, 3053, Australia. Tel.: +61 3 9344 2151; fax: +61 3 9347 1761.
    • ,
  • the Victorian Infant Collaborative Study Group

      Affiliations

    • ⁎Participants: Convenor; Lex W Doylea,b,d,e, Collaborators (in alphabetical order); Peter Andersonc,d,e, Catherine Callanand, Elizabeth Carseg, Dan Casalazf, Margaret P Charltong, Noni Davisd, Julianne Duffd, Geoffrey Fordd, Marie Hayesg, Elaine Kellyd,f, Gillian Opief, Gehan Robertsb,d, Andrew Watkinsf, Heather Woodsf, Victor Yug.

Received 8 October 2007 ,Revised 14 November 2007 ,Accepted 16 November 2007.

References 

  1. Lorenz JM. The outcome of extreme prematurity. Semin Perinatol. 2001;25(5):348–359
  2. Bhutta AT, Cleeves MA, Casey PH, Cradock MM, Anand KJS. Cognitive and behavioral outcomes of school-aged children who were born preterm. A meta-analysis. JAMA. 2002;288:728–737
  3. Anderson PJ, Doyle LW the Victorian Infant Collaborative Study Group. Neurobehavioral outcomes of school-age children born extremely low birth weight or very preterm in the 1990s. JAMA. 2003;289(24):3264–3272
  4. Grunau RE, Whitfield MF, Fay TB. Psychosocial and academic characteristics of extremely low birth weight (< or=800 g) adolescents who are free of major impairment compared with term-born control subjects. Pediatrics. 2004;114(6):e725–e732
  5. Steward DK, Pridham KF. Growth patterns of extremely low-birth-weight hospitalized preterm infants. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2002;31(1):57–65
  6. Clark RH, Thomas P, Peabody J. Extrauterine growth restriction remains a serious problem in prematurely born neonates. Pediatrics. 2003;111(5 Pt 1):986–990
  7. Doyle LW. Growth and respiratory health in adolescence of the extremely low-birth weight survivor. Clin Perinatol. 2000;27(2):421–432
  8. Sung IK, Vohr B, Oh W. Growth and neurodevelopmental outcome of very low birth weight infants with intrauterine growth retardation: comparison with control subjects matched by birth weight and gestational age. J Pediatr. 1993;123(4):618–624
  9. Gutbrod T, Wolke D, Soehne B, Ohrt B, Riegel K. Effects of gestation and birth weight on the growth and development of very low birthweight small for gestational age infants: a matched group comparison. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2000;82(3):F208–F214
  10. Cooke RW, Foulder-Hughes L. Growth impairment in the very preterm and cognitive and motor performance at 7 years. Arch Dis Child. 2003;88(6):482–487
  11. Latal-Hajnal B, von Siebenthal K, Kovari H, Bucher HU, Largo RH. Postnatal growth in VLBW infants: significant association with neurodevelopmental outcome. J Pediatr. 2003;143(2):163–170
  12. The Victorian Infant Collaborative Study Group . Outcome at 2 years of children 23–27 weeks' gestation born in Victoria in 1991–92. J Paediatr Child Health. 1997;33(2):161–165
  13. The Victorian Infant Collaborative Study Group . Improved outcome into the 1990s for infants weighing 500–999 g at birth. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 1997;77(2):F91–F94
  14. Doyle LW the Victorian Infant Collaborative Study Group. Outcome at 5 years of age of children 23 to 27 weeks' gestation: refining the prognosis. Pediatrics. 2001;108(1):134–141
  15. Rickards AL, Kitchen WH, Doyle LW, Kelly EA. Correction of developmental and intelligence test scores for premature birth. Aust Paediatr J. 1989;25(3):127–129
  16. Wechsler D. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. New York: The Psychological Corporation. 3rd edition. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. Inc.; 1991;
  17. Sherlock RL, Anderson PJ, Doyle LW. Neurodevelopmental sequelae of intraventricular haemorrhage at 8 years of age in a regional cohort of ELBW/very preterm infants. Early Hum Dev. 2005;81(11):909–916
  18. Wilkinson G. WRAT3 Wide Range Achievement Test. Wilmington, VA: Wide Range, Inc.; 1993;
  19. Henderson SE, Sugden DA. Movement Assessment Battery for Children. Sidcup, Kent.: The Psychological Corporation. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Ltd.. 1988;
  20. Cole TJ, Freeman JV, Preece MA. British 1990 growth reference centiles for weight, height, body mass index and head circumference fitted by maximum penalized likelihood. Stat Med. 1998;17(4):407–429
  21. SPSS for Windows . Computer Program. Version 14.0.. Chicago, IL: SPSS Inc.; 2005;
  22. Connors JM, O'Callaghan MJ, Burns YR, Gray PH, Tudehope DI, Mohay H, et al. The influence of growth on development outcome in extremely low birthweight infants at 2 years of age. J Paediatr Child Health. 1999;35(1):37–41
  23. Peterson BS, Vohr B, Staib LH, Cannistraci CJ, Dolberg A, Schneider KC, et al. Regional brain volume abnormalities and long-term cognitive outcome in preterm infants. JAMA. 2000;284(15):1939–1947
  24. Anderson PJ, Doyle LW the Victorian Infant Collaborative Study Group. Executive functioning in school-aged children who were born very preterm or with extremely low birth weight in the 1990s. Pediatrics. 2004;114(1):50–57
  25. Tolsa CB, Zimine S, Warfield SK, Freschi M, Sancho Rossignol A, Lazeyras F, et al. Early alteration of structural and functional brain development in premature infants born with intrauterine growth restriction. Pediatr Res. 2004;56(1):132–138
  26. Clark RH, Wagner CL, Merritt RJ, Bloom BT, Neu J, Young TE, et al. Nutrition in the neonatal intensive care unit: how do we reduce the incidence of extrauterine growth restriction?. J Perinatol. 2003;23(4):337–344
  27. Hajnal BL, Braun-Fahrlander C, von Siebenthal K, Bucher HU, Largo RH. Improved outcome for very low birth weight multiple births. Pediatr Neurol. 2005;32(2):87–93
  28. Hutton JL, Pharoah PO, Cooke RW, Stevenson RC. Differential effects of preterm birth and small gestational age on cognitive and motor development. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 1997;76(2):F75–F81
  29. Monset-Couchard M, de Bethmann O, Relier JP. Long term outcome of small versus appropriate size for gestational age co-twins/triplets. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2004;89(4):F310–F314
  30. Hack M, Breslau N, Fanaroff AA. Differential effects of intrauterine and postnatal brain growth failure in infants of very low birth weight. Am J Dis Child. 1989;143(1):63–68
  31. Hack M, Weissman B, Borawski-Clark E. Catch-up growth during childhood among very low-birth-weight children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1996;150(11):1122–1129
  32. Brandt I, Sticker EJ, Lentze MJ. Catch-up growth of head circumference of very low birth weight, small for gestational age preterm infants and mental development to adulthood. J Pediatr. 2003;142(5):463–468
  33. Gale CR, O'Callaghan FJ, Godfrey KM, Law CM, Martyn CN. Critical periods of brain growth and cognitive function in children. Brain. 2004;127(Pt 2):321–329
  34. Hack M, Breslau N, Weissman B, Aram D, Klein N, Borawski E. Effect of very low birth weight and subnormal head size on cognitive abilities at school age. N Engl J Med. 1991;325(4):231–237
  35. Cooke RW. Are there critical periods for brain growth in children born preterm?. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2006;91(1):F17–F20
  36. Frisk V, Amsel R, Whyte HE. The importance of head growth patterns in predicting the cognitive abilities and literacy skills of small-for-gestational-age children. Dev Neuropsychol. 2002;22(3):565–593
  37. Callanan C, Doyle LW, Rickards AL, Kelly EA, Ford GW, Davis NA. Children followed with difficulty: How do they differ?. J Paediatr Child Health. 2001;37(2):152–156

☆ Supported in part by a grant from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (Project Grant 108702).

PII: S0378-3782(07)00231-9

doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2007.11.002

Early Human Development
Volume 84, Issue 6 , Pages 409-416 , June 2008

Article Tools