Early Human Development
Volume 85, Issue 11 , Pages 679-684 , November 2009

Prenatal presentation and postnatal management of congenital thoracic malformations

  • Andrew Bush

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationDepartment of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, London SW3 6NP, UK. Tel.: +44 207 351 8232; fax: +44 207 351 8763.

References 

  1. Nagata K, Masumoto K, Tesiba R, Esumi G, Tsukimori K, Norio W, et al. Pediatr Surg Int. Aug 7 2009;Electronic publication ahead of print
  2. Cavoretto P, Molina F, Poggi S, Davenport M, Nicolaides KH. Prenatal diagnosis and outcome of echogenic fetal lung lesions. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2008;32:769–783
  3. Lakhoo K. Management of congenital cystic adenomatous malformations of the lung. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2009;94:F73–F76
  4. Laberge JM, Flageole H, Pugash D, Khalife S, Blair G, Filiatrault D, et al. Outcome of the prenatally diagnosed congenital cystic adenomatoid lung malformation: a Canadian experience. Fetal Diagn Ther. 2001;16:178–186
  5. Abel R, Bush A, Chitty L, Harcourt J, Nicholson A. Congenital lung disease. In:  Chernick V,  Boat T,  Wilmott R,  Bush A editor. Kendig's disorders of the respiratory tract in children. 7th Edition. Publ Elsevier; 2006;p. 280–316
  6. Bush A. Congenital lung disease: a plea for clear thinking and clear nomenclature. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2001;32:328–337
  7. Tsai AY, Liechty KW, Hedrick HL, Bebbington M, Wilson RD, Johnson MP, et al. Outcomes after postnatal resection of prenatally diagnosed asymptomatic cystic lung lesions. J Pediatr Surg. Mar 2008;43(3):513–517
  8. Kuroda T, Morikawa N, Kitano Y, Sago H, Hayashi S, Honna T, et al. Clinicopathologic assessment of prenatally diagnosed lung diseases. J Pediatr Surg. 2006;41:2028–2031
  9. Bulas D. Fetal magnetic resonance imaging as a complement to fetal ultrasonography. Ultrasound Q. 2007;23:3–22
  10. Laifer-Narin S, Budorick NE, Simpson LL, Platt LD. Fetal magnetic resonance imaging: a review. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2007;19:151–156
  11. Barnewolt CE, Kunisaki SM, Fauza DO, Nemes LP, Estroff JA, Jennings RW. Percent predicted lung volumes as measured on fetal magnetic resonance imaging: a useful biometric parameter for risk stratification in congenital diaphragmatic hernia. J Pediatr Surg. 2007;42:193–197
  12. Kasprian G, Balassy C, Brugger PC, Prayer D. MRI of normal and pathological fetal lung development. Eur J Radiol. 2006;57:261–270
  13. Cannie MM, Jani JC, Van Kerkhove F, Meerschaert J, De Keyzer F, Lewi L, et al. Fetal body volume at MR imaging to quantify total fetal lung volume: normal ranges. Radiology. Feb 7 2008;Electronic publication ahead of print
  14. Samuel M, Burge DM. Management of antenatally diagnosed pulmonary sequestration associated with congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation. Thorax. 1999;54:701–706
  15. Thorpe-Beeston JG, Nicolaides KH. Cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung: prenatal diagnosis and outcome. Prenat Diagn. 1994;14:677–688
  16. Kunisaki SM, Barnewolt CE, Estroff JA, Ward VL, Nemes LP, Fauza DO, et al. Large fetal congenital cystic adenomatoid malformations: growth trends and patient survival. J Pediatr Surg. 2007;42:404–410
  17. Illanes S, Hunter A, Evans M, Cusick E, Soothill P. Prenatal diagnosis of echogenic lung: evolution and outcome. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2005;26:145–149
  18. Davenport M, Warne SA, Cacciaguerra S, Patel S, Greenough A, Nicolaides K. Current outcome of antenatally diagnosed cystic lung disease. J Pediatr Surg. 2004;39:549–556
  19. Vu L, Tsao K, Lee H, Nobuhara K, Farmer D, Harrison M, et al. Characteristics of congenital cystic adenomatoid malformations associated with nonimmune hydrops and outcome. J Pediatr Surg. 2007;42:1351–1356
  20. Azizkhan RG, Crombleholme TM. Congenital cystic lung disease: contemporary antenatal and postnatal management. Pediatr Surg Int. 2008;24:643–657
  21. Crombleholme TM, Coleman B, Hedrick HL, Liechty K, Howell L, Flake AW, et al. Cystic adenomatoid malformation volume ratio predicts outcome in prenatally diagnosed cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung. J Pediatr Surg. 2002;37:331–338
  22. Bush A, Hogg J, Chitty LS. Cystic lung lesions — prenatal diagnosis and management. Prenat Diagn. 2008;28:604–611
  23. Tran H, Fink MA, Crameri J, Cullinane F. Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation: monitoring the antenatal and short-term neonatal outcome. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2008;48:462–466
  24. Schott S, Mackensen-Haen S, Wallwiener M, Meyberg-Solomayer G, Kagan KO. Cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung causing hydrops fetalis: case report and review of the literature. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2009;280:293–296
  25. Adzick NS, Harrison MR, Cromblehome TH, Flake AW, Howell LJ, et al. Fetal lung lesions: management and outcome. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1998;179:884–889
  26. Grethel FJ, Wagner AJ, Clifton MS, Cortes RA, Farmer DL, Harrison MR, et al. Fetal intervention for mass lesions and hydrops improves outcome: a 15-year experience. J Pediatr Surg. 2007;42:117–123
  27. Diamond IR, Wales PW, Smith A. Survival after CCAM associated with ascites: a report of a case and review of the literature. J Pediatr Surg. 2003;38:EL-3
  28. Adzick NS, Harrison MR, Flake AW, Cortes RA, Farmer DL, Harrison MR, et al. Fetal surgery for cystic adenomatoid malformations of the lung. J Pediatr Surg. 1993;28:806–812
  29. Creasy R. Mirror syndromes. In:  Goodlin RC editors. Care of the fetus. New York: Masson; 1979;p. 48–55
  30. Bianchi DW, Cromblehome TM, D'Alton ME. Cystic adenomatoid malformation. In: Bianchi DW, Cromblehome TM, D'Alton ME. Fetology: diagnosis and management of the fetal patient. McGraw-Hill, New York; 2000, chap 37.
  31. Tsao K, Hawgood S, Vu L, Hirose S, Sydorak R, Albanese CT, et al. Resolution of hydrops fetalis in congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation after prenatal steroid therapy. J Pediatr Surg. 2003;38:508–510
  32. Peranteau WH, Wilson RD, Liechty KW, Johnson MP, Bebbington MW, Hedrick HL, et al. Effect of maternal betamethasone administration on prenatal congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation growth and fetal survival. Fetal Diagn Ther. 2007;22:365–371
  33. Morris LM, Lim FY, Livingston JC, Polzin WJ, Crombleholme TM. High-risk fetal congenital pulmonary airway malformations have a variable response to steroids. J Pediatr Surg. 2009;44:60–65
  34. Leung WC, Ngai C, Lam TP, Chan KL, Lao TT, Tang MH. Unexpected intrauterine death following resolution of hydrops fetalis after betamethasone treatment in a fetus with a large cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2005;25:610–612
  35. Merchant AM, Peranteau W, Wilson RD, Johnson MP, Bebbington MW, Hedrick HL, et al. Postnatal chest wall deformities after fetal thoracoamniotic shunting for congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation. Fetal Diagn Ther. 2007;22:435–439
  36. Knox EM, Kilby MD, Martin WL, Khan KS. In-utero pulmonary drainage in the management of primary hydrothorax and congenital cystic lung lesion: a systematic review. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2006;28:726–734
  37. Wilson RD, Hedrick HL, Liechty KW, Flake AW, Johnson MP, Bebbington M, et al. Cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung: review of genetics, prenatal diagnosis, and in utero treatment. Am J Med Genet A. 2006;140:151–155
  38. Bermúdez C, Pérez-Wulff J, Arcadipane M, Bufalino G, Gómez L, Flores L, et al. Percutaneous fetal sclerotherapy for congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung. Fetal Diagn Ther. 2008;24:237–24031
  39. Lee BS, Kim JT, Kim EA, Kim KS, Pi SY, Sung KB, et al. Neonatal pulmonary sequestration: clinical experience with transumbilical arterial embolization. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008;43:404–413
  40. Hedrick HL, Flake AW, Crombleholme TM, Howell LJ, Johnson MP, Wilson RD, et al. The ex utero intrapartum therapy procedure for high-risk fetal lung lesions. J Pediatr Surg. 2005;40:1038–1043
  41. Lee BS, Kim JT, Kim EA-R, Kim KS, Pi SY, Sung KM, et al. Neonatal pulmonary sequestration: clinical experience with transumbilical arterial embolization. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008;43:404–413
  42. Parikh D, Samuel M. Pulmonary stabilisation followed by delayed surgery results in favourable outcome in congenital cystic lung lesions with pulmonary hypertension. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2005;28:607–610
  43. Conforti A, Aloi I, Trucchi A, Morini F, Nahom A, Inserra A, et al. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. Mar 25 2009;Electronic publication ahead of print
  44. Rothenberg SS. First decade's experience with thoracoscopic lobectomy in infants and children. J Pediatr Surg. 2008;43:40–44
  45. Vu LT, Farmer DL, Nobuhara KK, Miniati D, Lee H. Thoracoscopic versus open resection for congenital cystic adenomatoid malformations of the lung. J Pediatr Surg. 2008;43:35–39
  46. Kim HK, Choi YS, Kim K, Shim YM, Ku GW, Ahn KM, et al. Treatment of congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation: should lobectomy always be performed?. Ann Thorac Surg. 2008;86:249–253
  47. Calvert JK, Lakhoo K. Antenatally suspected congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung: postnatal investigation and timing of surgery. J Pediatr Surg. 2007;42:411–414
  48. Papagiannopoulos K, Hughes S, Nicholson AG, Goldstraw P. Cystic lung lesions in the pediatric and adult population: surgical experience at the Brompton Hospital. Ann Thorac Surg. 2002;73:1594–1598
  49. Wong A, Vieten D, Singh S, Harvey JG, Holland AJ. Long-term outcome of asymptomatic patients with congenital cystic adenomatoid malformations. Pediatr Surg Int. 2009;25:479–485
  50. Belcher E, Lawson MH, Nicholson AG, Davison A, Goldstraw P. Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation presenting as in-flight systemic air embolisation. Eur Respir J. 2007;30:801–804
  51. Pelizzo G, Barbi E, Codrich D, Lembo MA, Zennaro F, Bussani R, et al. Chronic inflammation in congenital cystic adenomatoid malformations. An underestimated risk factor?. J Pediatr Surg. 2009;44:616–619
  52. Butterworth SA, Blair GK. Postnatal spontaneous resolution of congenital cystic adenomatoid malformations. J Pediatr Surg. 2005;40:832–834
  53. Azizkhan RG, Crombleholme TM. Congenital cystic lung disease: contemporary antenatal and postnatal management. Pediatr Surg Int. 2008;24:643–657
  54. Sueyoshi R, Okazaki T, Uroshihara N, Fujiwara T, Tobayama S, Fukumoto K, et al. Managing prenatally diagnosed asymptomatic congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation. Pediatr Surg Int. 2008;24:1111–1115
  55. Tsai AY, Liechty KW, Hedrick HL, Bebbington M, Wilson RP, Johnson MP, et al. Outcomes after postnatal resection of prenatally diagnosed asymptomatic cystic lung lesions. J Pediatr Surg. 2008;43:513–517
  56. Chetcuti PA, Crabbe DC. CAM lungs: the conservative approach. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2006;91:F463–F464
  57. Lo AY, Jones S. Lack of consensus among Canadian pediatric surgeons regarding the management of congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung. J Pediatr Surg. 2008;43:797–799
  58. Nur S, Badr R, Sandoval C, Brudniki A, Yeh A. Syndromic presentation of a pleuropulmonary blastoma associated with congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation. A case report. J Pediatr Surg. 2007;42:1772–1775
  59. Ramos SG, Barbosa GH, Tavora FR, Jeudy J, Torres LA, Tone LG, et al. Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma arising in a congenital pulmonary airway malformation in a child: case report with an update of this association. J Pediatr Surg. 2007;42:E1–E4
  60. West D, Nicholson AG, Colquhoun I, Pollock J. Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma in congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of lung. Ann Thorac Surg. 2007;83:687–689
  61. MacSweeney F, Papagiannopoulos K, Goldstraw P, Sheppard MN, Corrin B, Nicholson AG. An assessment of the expanded classification of congenital cystic adenomatoid malformations and their relationship to malignant transformation. Am J Surg Pathol. 2003;27:1139–1146
  62. Federici S, Domenichelli V, Tani G, Sciutti R, Burnelli R, Zanetti G, et al. Pleuropulmonary blastoma in congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation: report of a case. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2001;11:196–199
  63. de Perrot M, Pache JC, Spiliopoulos A. Carcinoma arising in congenital lung cysts. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2001;49:84–85
  64. Indolfi P, Casale F, Carli M, Bisogno G, Ninfo V, Cecchetto G, et al. Pleuropulmonary blastoma: management and prognosis of 11 cases. Cancer. 2000;89:1396–1401
  65. Granata C, Gambini C, Balducci T, Toma P, Michelazzi A, Conte M, et al. Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma arising in congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation in a child: a case report and review on malignancies originating in congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1998;25:62–66
  66. d'Agostino S, Bonoldi E, Dante S, Meli S, Cappellari F, Musi L. Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the lung arising in cystic adenomatoid malformation: case report and review of the literature. J Pediatr Surg. 1997;32:1381–1383
  67. Ribet ME, Copin MC, Soots JG, Gosselin BH. Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma and congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation. Ann Thorac Surg. 1995; 60: 1126–8.
  68. Benjamin DR, Cahill JL. Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma of the lung and congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation. Am J Clin Pathol. 1991;95:889–892
  69. Sheffield EA, Addis BJ, Corrin B, McCabe MM. Epithelial hyperplasia and malignant change in congenital lung cysts. J Clin Pathol. 1987;40:612–614
  70. Ueda K, Gruppo R, Unger F, Martin L, Bove K. Rhabdomyosarcoma of lung arising in congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation. Cancer. 1977;40:383–388
  71. Papagiannopoulos KA, Sheppard M, Bush A, Goldstraw P. Pleuropulmonary blastoma: is prophylactic resection of congenital lung cysts effective?. Ann Thorac Surg. 2001;72:604–605
  72. Vargas SO, Korpershoek E, Kozakewich HP, de Krijger RR, Fletcher JA, Perez-Atayde AR. Cytogenetic and p53 profiles in congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation: insights into its relationship with pleuropulmonary blastoma. Pediatr Dev Pathol. 2006;9:190–195
  73. Nur S, Badr R, Sandoval C, Brudniki A, Yeh A. Syndromic presentation of a pleuropulmonary blastoma associated with congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation. A case report. J Pediatr Surg. 2007;42:1772–1775
  74. Hill DA, Jarzembowski JA, Ppriest JR, Williams G, Schoettler P, Dehner LP. Type 1 pleuropulmonary blastoma: pathology and biology study of 51 cases from the international pleuropulmonary blastoma registry. Am J Surg Pathol. 2008;32:282–295
  75. Fumino S, Iwai N, Kimura O, Ono S, Higuchi K. Preoperative evaluation of the aberrant artery in intralobar pulmonary sequestration using multidetector computed tomography angiography. J Pediatr Surg. 2007;42:1776–1779
  76. Aite L, Zaccara A, Trucchi A, Brizzi C, Nahom A, Iacobelli B, et al. J Perinat Med. Jun 3 2009;Electronic publication ahead of print
  77. Larroquet M. Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM)—does prenatal ultrasonography modified surgical indications?. Saudi Med J. 2003;24:34–39
  78. Sauvat F, Michel JL, Benachi A, Emond S, Revillon Y. Management of asymptomatic neonatal cystic adenomatoid malformations. J Pediatr Surg. 2003;38:548–552
  79. Volpe MV, Pham L, Lessin M, Ralston RJ, Bhan I, Cutz E, et al. Epression of Hoxb-5 during human lung development and in congenital lung malformationa. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2003;67:550–556
  80. Simonet WS, DeRose MI, Bucay N, Nguyen HQ, Wert SE, Zhou L, et al. Pulmonary malformation in transgenic mice expressing human keratinocyte growth factor in the lungs. Proc Natl Acacd Sci USA. 1995;92:12461–12465
  81. Liechty KW, Cromblehome TM, Quinn TM, Cass DC, Flake AW, Adzick NS, et al. Elevated platelet-derived growth factor-B in congenital cystic adenomatoid malformations requiring fetal resection. J Pediatr Surg. 1999;34:805–810
  82. Asher R. Talking Sense. London: Publ Butterworths; 1962;

PII: S0378-3782(09)00184-4

doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2009.08.056

Early Human Development
Volume 85, Issue 11 , Pages 679-684 , November 2009

Article Tools